{"id":664,"date":"2021-05-28T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-05-28T16:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/anyonecanscience.com\/?p=664"},"modified":"2021-05-28T12:04:09","modified_gmt":"2021-05-28T16:04:09","slug":"mental-health-awareness-month-part-3-trauma-and-ptsd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/anyonecanscience.com\/index.php\/2021\/05\/28\/mental-health-awareness-month-part-3-trauma-and-ptsd\/","title":{"rendered":"Mental Health Awareness Month: Part 3\u2014Trauma and PTSD"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/anyonecanscience.com\/index.php\/2021\/05\/21\/mental-health-awareness-part-2-fear-anxiety-and-panic\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Last week,<\/a> we saw how our ingrained fear response can occasionally lead us to feel threatened and anxious even when we are objectively safe. But these fear responses are also incredibly important survival mechanisms that can keep us alive and kicking in terrifying and dangerous circumstances. Many people who go through extreme traumas retain only <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5423394\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">fragmented and distorted memories<\/a> of the actual traumatic event. This memory loss occurs because the brain shuts down the areas responsible for careful thought and processing, which can distract us from reacting to the threat efficiently. Meanwhile, our bodies gear up to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.utoledo.edu\/studentaffairs\/counseling\/anxietytoolbox\/fightflightfreeze.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">fight, run, or protect ourselves<\/a> from harm. This body-centered, reactive fear state can be hard to immediately shake off, keeping us poised and ready for another threat even a couple days later. But usually, the fear does wear off, allowing us to return to normalcy. For a subset of people though, this fear response can continue to dog them for years, long after the threat has been eliminated. This condition, known as Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), can affect a person\u2019s mental and physical wellbeing and cause major disruptions in their day-to-day life. To understand why some people develop PTSD, we need to take a closer look at the biological, psychological, and social mechanisms by which we react to and process trauma. <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"epyt-video-wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\"  id=\"_ytid_63829\"  width=\"480\" height=\"270\"  data-origwidth=\"480\" data-origheight=\"270\"  data-relstop=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/LtzxPm_p5kM?enablejsapi=1&#038;autoplay=0&#038;cc_load_policy=0&#038;cc_lang_pref=&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;loop=0&#038;rel=0&#038;fs=1&#038;playsinline=0&#038;autohide=2&#038;theme=dark&#038;color=red&#038;controls=1&#038;disablekb=0&#038;\" class=\"__youtube_prefs__  no-lazyload\" title=\"YouTube player\"  allow=\"fullscreen; accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We\u2019ve talked a lot about how the body responds to potential threats. Those physiological stress responses are driven by instinctual processing in the brain and the autonomic nervous system. It may seem simple\u2014the brain detects a threat and triggers the body to defend itself in whatever way it can. But that initial physical response is only a tiny fraction of how the brain processes trauma. There\u2019s a lot we still don\u2019t know about how trauma impacts the brain. For example, we know that traumatic events are often difficult to completely remember, but that\u2019s not nearly the whole picture. People who experience trauma, particularly those with PTSD, actually tend to have a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/health-shots\/2018\/09\/28\/652524372\/how-trauma-affects-memory-scientists-weigh-in-on-the-kavanaugh-hearing\">stron<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/health-shots\/2018\/09\/28\/652524372\/how-trauma-affects-memory-scientists-weigh-in-on-the-kavanaugh-hearing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">g<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/health-shots\/2018\/09\/28\/652524372\/how-trauma-affects-memory-scientists-weigh-in-on-the-kavanaugh-hearing\"> sensory memory<\/a> of the traumatic event. These memories can be <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3182004\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">jumbled and lack <\/a>narrative structure, and they are often focused on the source of the threat. This makes sense\u2014when you\u2019re in a dangerous situation, you want to hold onto details that can help you escape and let go of anything irrelevant. The resulting memories are richly detailed but scattered and disorganized\u2014as if your brain tried to throw them together in a hurry. Afterward, your brain holds onto all of these visceral memories, but it can\u2019t put them back together into a coherent story.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/anyonecanscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/PTSD_Damage-small.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"The intrusive memories associated with PTSD can cause flashbacks, panic attacks, nightmares, and other forms of mental distress.\" class=\"wp-image-660\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/anyonecanscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/PTSD_Damage-small.jpg?w=1024&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/anyonecanscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/PTSD_Damage-small.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/anyonecanscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/PTSD_Damage-small.jpg?resize=768%2C512&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption>The intrusive memories associated with PTSD can cause flashbacks, panic attacks, nightmares, and other forms of mental distress.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The effect of trauma on memory is a major driver of PTSD. In fact, one of the biggest <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/topics\/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">signs<\/a> of PTSD is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3072671\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">recurrent and intrusive memories<\/a> of the trauma. Intrusive memories come in the form of persistent thoughts about the trauma, nightmares in which the trauma is re-experienced, and intensely realistic flashbacks\u2014often triggered by sensory details of the trauma. There are a lot of competing theories about how <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3182004\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">traumatic<\/a> memories influence the development of PTSD. Some people argue that a preexisting deficit in the way we store and process memories increases the risk of having PTSD after a trauma. Biological factors like genetics and the structure of the brain\u2014particularly the hippocampus where memories are stored\u2014have been linked with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2819093\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">increased risk<\/a> of PTSD. Alternatively, there is evidence that the cognitive effects of PTSD contribute to the degradation of memory, particularly the diminished ability to form new memories.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Either way, disorganized memory plays an important role in the persistence of trauma. The intrusive memories associated with PTSD are really just side effects of the brain trying to process and understand memories it cannot completely reconstruct. The traumatic event acts like a corrupted file that the processors can\u2019t resolve, so the brain keeps trying to compile that memory and file it away with little success. Because of this relationship between trauma and memory, an effective way to treat PTSD can be through <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/health\/archive\/2014\/08\/changing-memories-to-treat-ptsd\/379223\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">memory reconsolidation<\/a>. This technique involves purposefully reconstructing the corrupted memory and overwriting it with a \u201cclean copy.\u201d It may seem counterintuitive, but recalling the memory and rebuilding the narrative structure of the traumatic event can help the brain file it away more effectively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"623\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/anyonecanscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/PTSD_Memory-small.jpg?resize=1024%2C623&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"People with PTSD can often have memories of the trauma that are jumbled and hard to sort.\" class=\"wp-image-662\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/anyonecanscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/PTSD_Memory-small.jpg?w=1024&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/anyonecanscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/PTSD_Memory-small.jpg?resize=300%2C183&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/anyonecanscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/PTSD_Memory-small.jpg?resize=768%2C467&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption>People with PTSD can often have memories of the trauma that are jumbled and hard to sort.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Intrusive memories aren\u2019t the only symptoms of PTSD. Similar to other anxiety disorders, the fear associated with PTSD can cause people to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3336155\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">avoid objects and activities<\/a> that their brains may perceive as threats. For people with PTSD, this can mean avoiding specific flashback triggers or avoiding thinking about or processing the trauma. But because intrusive memories are internal and often difficult to predict, avoidance can also mean using drugs or alcohol to suppress the brain. Roughly <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ptsd.va.gov\/professional\/treat\/cooccurring\/tx_sud_va.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">40% of people<\/a> with PTSD also struggle with a substance addiction, which only makes processing and recovering from the trauma more difficult. People with PTSD can also experience symptoms of dissociation\u2014feelings of being disconnected from your body, disoriented, or confused\u2014which the brain uses to avoid processing the trauma memories.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The last two broad categories of PTSD symptoms are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6059177\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">restless <\/a>hyperactivity and dysregulated mood. Intrusive memories can keep people with PTSD in an ongoing fear state that can create a sense of anxiety and hypervigilance. When the fear dissipates, depleted resources in the brain and negative thoughts can contribute to feelings of depression. These symptoms can be managed with medications like antidepressants and mood stabilizers, but they cannot be fully eliminated until the underlying trauma is addressed through therapy. Interestingly, there is recent evidence suggesting that the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/mdma-shows-new-promise-for-trauma-but-the-drug-alone-is-not-a-cure\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">psychoactive drug MDMA<\/a> (colloquially known as ecstasy), paired with professional therapy, can be an effective treatment for PTSD. The drug seems to significantly dampen the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-021-01336-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">brain\u2019s automatic fear response<\/a>, giving people with PTSD the space to process and reconsolidate traumatic memories. A lot more research needs to be done, but treatments like this could be a breakthrough for those with PTSD who aren\u2019t able to process the trauma with therapy alone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/anyonecanscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Amygdala-small.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"MDMA might help therapists treat PTSD by suppressing the amygdala\u2014the part of the brain involved in fear.\" class=\"wp-image-661\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/anyonecanscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Amygdala-small.jpg?w=1024&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/anyonecanscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Amygdala-small.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/anyonecanscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Amygdala-small.jpg?resize=768%2C512&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption>MDMA might help therapists treat PTSD by suppressing the amygdala\u2014the part of the brain involved in fear.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For more information on mental health, check out the resources on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nami.org\/Home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">NAMI website<\/a>. Science You Can Bring Home To Mom will be back in <strong>two weeks<\/strong> with a brand new science series! For now, check out <a href=\"https:\/\/anyonecanscience.com\/index.php\/2021\/04\/16\/a-controlled-hallucination-part-1-the-problem-with-perception\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">last month\u2019s<\/a> series on <a href=\"https:\/\/anyonecanscience.com\/index.php\/2021\/04\/23\/a-controlled-hallucination-part-2-a-lifetime-of-learning-and-memory\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the psychology<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/anyonecanscience.com\/index.php\/2021\/04\/30\/a-controlled-hallucination-part-3-behind-the-curtain-of-cognition\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">of perception and cognition<\/a>. Comment on this post or email me at <a href=\"mailto:contact@anyonecanscience.com\">contact@anyonecanscience.com<\/a> to let me know what you think about this week\u2019s blog post and tell me what sorts of topics you want me to cover in the future. And subscribe below for weekly science posts sent straight to your email!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong> National Suicide Prevention Lifeline:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>800-273-8255 (24\/7)<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Online chat: <a href=\"https:\/\/suicidepreventionlifeline.org\/chat\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/suicidepreventionlifeline.org\/chat\/<\/a> (24\/7)<\/strong><\/li><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/suicidepreventionlifeline.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/suicidepreventionlifeline.org\/<\/a><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>For International Suicide Resources: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.opencounseling.com\/suicide-hotlines\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.opencounseling.com\/suicide-hotlines<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Last week, we saw how our ingrained fear response can occasionally lead us to feel threatened and anxious even when we are objectively safe. But these fear responses are also incredibly important survival mechanisms that can keep us alive and kicking in terrifying and dangerous circumstances. Many people who go through extreme traumas retain only fragmented and distorted memories of the actual traumatic event. This memory loss occurs because the brain shuts down the areas responsible for careful thought and processing, which can distract us from reacting to the threat efficiently. Meanwhile, our bodies gear up to fight, run, or&#8230;<\/p>\n<div class=\"more-link-wrapper\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/anyonecanscience.com\/index.php\/2021\/05\/28\/mental-health-awareness-month-part-3-trauma-and-ptsd\/\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Mental Health Awareness Month: Part 3\u2014Trauma and PTSD<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":663,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"For our last post of Mental Health Awareness Month, we are looking at how trauma and PTSD impact the brain. SYCBHTM will be taking a 2 week hiatus. We'll be back in June with a brand new series! #PTSD #MentalHealthAwarenessMonth #anyonecanscience","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[315],"tags":[359,345,339,316,357,343,336,337,342,348,356,354,358,355],"class_list":["post-664","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psychology","tag-addiction","tag-anxiety","tag-depression","tag-memory","tag-memory-reconsolidation","tag-mental-disorder","tag-mental-health","tag-mental-health-awareness-month","tag-mental-illness","tag-panic-attacks","tag-post-traumatic-stress-disorder","tag-ptsd","tag-therapy","tag-trauma","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Mental Health Awareness Month: Part 3\u2014Trauma and PTSD<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Last week, we saw how our ingrained fear response can occasionally lead us to feel threatened and anxious even when we are objectively safe. But these fear responses are also incredibly important survival mechanisms that can keep us alive and kicking in terrifying and dangerous circumstances. Many people who go through extreme traumas retain only fragmented and distorted memories of the actual traumatic event. This memory loss occurs because the brain shuts down the areas responsible for careful thought and processing, which can distract us from reacting to the threat efficiently. Meanwhile, our bodies gear up to fight, run, or protect ourselves from harm. This body-centered, reactive fear state can be hard to immediately shake off, keeping us poised and ready for another threat even a couple days later. But usually, the fear does wear off, allowing us to return to normalcy. For a subset of people though, this fear response can continue to dog them for years, long after the threat has been eliminated. This condition, known as Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), can affect a person\u2019s mental and physical wellbeing and cause major disruptions in their day-to-day life. To understand why some people develop PTSD, we need to take a closer look at the biological, psychological, and social mechanisms by which we react to and process trauma.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/anyonecanscience.com\/index.php\/2021\/05\/28\/mental-health-awareness-month-part-3-trauma-and-ptsd\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mental Health Awareness Month: Part 3\u2014Trauma and PTSD\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/anyonecanscience.com\/index.php\/2021\/05\/28\/mental-health-awareness-month-part-3-trauma-and-ptsd\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Science You Can Bring Home To Mom\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-05-28T16:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta 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class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/anyonecanscience.com\\\/index.php\\\/2021\\\/05\\\/28\\\/mental-health-awareness-month-part-3-trauma-and-ptsd\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/anyonecanscience.com\\\/index.php\\\/2021\\\/05\\\/28\\\/mental-health-awareness-month-part-3-trauma-and-ptsd\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"savmiller\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/anyonecanscience.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/2647809e5a0bc388f62d4e001f13123c\"},\"headline\":\"Mental Health Awareness Month: Part 3\u2014Trauma and 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PTSD\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/anyonecanscience.com\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/anyonecanscience.com\\\/index.php\\\/2021\\\/05\\\/28\\\/mental-health-awareness-month-part-3-trauma-and-ptsd\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/anyonecanscience.com\\\/index.php\\\/2021\\\/05\\\/28\\\/mental-health-awareness-month-part-3-trauma-and-ptsd\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/anyonecanscience.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/05\\\/PTSD-small-crop.4df5331386fe45cd8ba1f2ba80ffe40c.jpg?fit=960%2C800&ssl=1\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-05-28T16:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-05-28T16:04:09+00:00\",\"description\":\"Last week, we saw how our ingrained fear response can occasionally lead us to feel threatened and anxious even when we are objectively safe. But these fear responses are also incredibly important survival mechanisms that can keep us alive and kicking in terrifying and dangerous circumstances. Many people who go through extreme traumas retain only fragmented and distorted memories of the actual traumatic event. This memory loss occurs because the brain shuts down the areas responsible for careful thought and processing, which can distract us from reacting to the threat efficiently. Meanwhile, our bodies gear up to fight, run, or protect ourselves from harm. This body-centered, reactive fear state can be hard to immediately shake off, keeping us poised and ready for another threat even a couple days later. But usually, the fear does wear off, allowing us to return to normalcy. For a subset of people though, this fear response can continue to dog them for years, long after the threat has been eliminated. 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